<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045</id><updated>2012-01-29T00:01:39.542Z</updated><title type='text'>Dr. Josep Vidal i Alaball</title><subtitle type='html'>I am intending to publish my scientific publications (abstracts) and some opinion articles most of them already published in other media sources. I will publish in Catalan, Spanish and English -----

En aquesta Blog hi vull publicar articles meus (científics i d’opinió), la majoria dels quals ja han estat publicats en altres llocs. Esciure en Català, Castellà i Anglès</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>67</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-5557222895389617620</id><published>2012-01-28T23:30:00.001Z</published><updated>2012-01-29T00:01:39.548Z</updated><title type='text'>Canal de TV propi</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:640px; height:572px;" src="http://veetle.com/index.php/widget#4A067BDAF5C604185CE90F1DC8FB5DD6/true/default"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-5557222895389617620?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/5557222895389617620/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=5557222895389617620&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5557222895389617620'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5557222895389617620'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2012/01/canal-de-tv-propi.html' title='Canal de TV propi'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-2519217902995425706</id><published>2011-12-30T00:44:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-12-30T00:44:43.166Z</updated><title type='text'>Nomina als Twitters catalans més influents del 2011</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe src="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/embeddedform?formkey=dGhfV3FVdDNPQklCc1l5NTFUeTU1X2c6MQ" width="760" height="774" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0"&gt;Loading...&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-2519217902995425706?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/2519217902995425706/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=2519217902995425706&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2519217902995425706'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2519217902995425706'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/12/nomina-als-twitters-catalans-mes.html' title='Nomina als Twitters catalans més influents del 2011'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-4392132223495025852</id><published>2011-11-28T23:54:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-11-28T23:56:09.041Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:510px" id="__ss_10374613"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/el-sistema-de-salut-publica-del-regne-unit" title="El sistema de salut publica del Regne Unit" target="_blank"&gt;El sistema de salut publica del Regne Unit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;iframe src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/10374613" width="510" height="426" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt; &lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/" target="_blank"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball" target="_blank"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-4392132223495025852?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/4392132223495025852/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=4392132223495025852&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4392132223495025852'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4392132223495025852'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/11/el-sistema-de-salut-publica-del-regne.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-3084022074485059132</id><published>2011-11-20T01:31:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-11-20T01:31:10.413Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:477px" id="__ss_10237669"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/transtheoretical-model-for-dietary-and-physical-exercise-modification-in-weight-loss-management-for-overweight-and-obese-adult" title="Jornada d&amp;#39;Intercanvi d&amp;#39;Experiènices Virtual en l&amp;#39;Atenció Primària del Bages-Berguedà" target="_blank"&gt;Jornada d&amp;#39;Intercanvi d&amp;#39;Experiènices Virtual en l&amp;#39;Atenció Primària del Bages-Berguedà&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;iframe src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/10237669" width="477" height="510" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt; &lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/" target="_blank"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball" target="_blank"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-3084022074485059132?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/3084022074485059132/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=3084022074485059132&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3084022074485059132'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3084022074485059132'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/11/jornada-d-d-virtual-en-l-primaria-del.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-8562804329353839902</id><published>2011-06-27T23:11:00.002Z</published><updated>2011-06-27T23:12:39.028Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="__ss_8440308" style="width: 477px;"&gt; &lt;strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/dr-josep-vidal-alaball-health-promotionassigment21344" title="Psichology and health promotion (assignment)"&gt;Psichology and health promotion (assignment)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="510" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/8440308" width="477"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt; &lt;div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;"&gt; View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-8562804329353839902?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/8562804329353839902/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=8562804329353839902&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8562804329353839902'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8562804329353839902'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/06/slideshare-id8440308.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-8635863297668793896</id><published>2011-06-22T00:16:00.002Z</published><updated>2011-06-22T00:16:31.439Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="__ss_8383442" style="width: 477px;"&gt; &lt;strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/uti-final531" title="Parent’s opinions on the diagnosis of children under 2 years of age with urinary tract infection"&gt;Parent’s opinions on the diagnosis of children under 2 years of age with urinary tract infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="510" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/8383442" width="477"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt; &lt;div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;"&gt; View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-8635863297668793896?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/8635863297668793896/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=8635863297668793896&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8635863297668793896'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8635863297668793896'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/06/parents-opinions-on-diagnosis-of.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-5908847182533096728</id><published>2011-06-20T10:37:00.002Z</published><updated>2011-06-20T10:37:16.146Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="__ss_8361267" style="width: 425px;"&gt;&lt;strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0px 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/sapbb/presentaci-bloc-j-intercanvi-2011" title="Presentació bloc Jornada d'Intercanvi d'Experiències SAP Bages-Berguedà 2011"&gt;Presentació bloc Jornada d'Intercanvi d'Experiències SAP Bages-Berguedà 2011&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="355" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/8361267" width="425"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/sapbb"&gt;SAP Bages-Berguedà&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-5908847182533096728?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/5908847182533096728/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=5908847182533096728&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5908847182533096728'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5908847182533096728'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/06/presentacio-bloc-jornada-dintercanvi.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-4494082408749809583</id><published>2011-06-15T23:29:00.002Z</published><updated>2011-06-15T23:29:37.883Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="__ss_8275855" style="width: 477px;"&gt; &lt;strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/sapbb/implantaci-de-la-lectura-de-cmara-no-midritica-al-berguedpdf" title="Implantació de la lectura de càmara no midriàtica al Berguedà"&gt;Implantació de la lectura de càmara no midriàtica al Berguedà&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="510" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/8275855" width="477"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt; &lt;div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;"&gt; View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/sapbb"&gt;SAP Bages-Berguedà&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-4494082408749809583?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/4494082408749809583/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=4494082408749809583&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4494082408749809583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4494082408749809583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/06/implantacio-de-la-lectura-de-camara-no.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-5522313661689738576</id><published>2011-06-12T23:41:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-06-12T23:41:06.107Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="__ss_8287664" style="width: 477px;"&gt; 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&lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-6712718663000758767?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/6712718663000758767/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=6712718663000758767&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6712718663000758767'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6712718663000758767'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/05/oral-vitamin-b12-for-treatment-of.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-6965137262479595467</id><published>2011-05-14T23:27:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-05-14T23:27:30.187Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;img style="visibility:hidden;width:0px;height:0px;" border=0 width=0 height=0 src="http://c.gigcount.com/wildfire/IMP/CXNID=2000002.0NXC/bHQ9MTMwNTQxNTU2OTAzNCZwdD*xMzA1NDE1NjQ3MjE*JnA9MTAxOTEmZD*mbj1ibG9nZ2VyJmc9MSZvPWY3Yzc3NzZlMzgwYzRl/OWQ5NTM*ZjkyZmY*MzNmZTY1Jm9mPTA=.gif" /&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px" id="__ss_2561150"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/contaminated-land-j-vidal-alaball-oct06" title="Public Health Implications of Contaminated Land"&gt;Public Health Implications of Contaminated Land&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 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from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-6965137262479595467?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/6965137262479595467/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=6965137262479595467&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6965137262479595467'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6965137262479595467'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/05/public-health-implications-of.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-1563175680013620662</id><published>2011-05-14T00:13:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-05-14T00:13:24.505Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;img style="visibility:hidden;width:0px;height:0px;" border=0 width=0 height=0 src="http://c.gigcount.com/wildfire/IMP/CXNID=2000002.0NXC/bHQ9MTMwNTMzMTk1NDMwMSZwdD*xMzA1MzMyMDAwOTc4JnA9MTAxOTEmZD*mbj1ibG9nZ2VyJmc9MSZvPTk4OWQzMTkwOWQyZDRh/ZTdhOTlmY2M4NmViYmZiZGM3Jm9mPTA=.gif" /&gt;&lt;div style="width:477px" id="__ss_7959366"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/screening-for-vitamin-b12-deficiency-in-wales-a-targeted-multiphasic-approach" title="Screening for Vitamin B12 deficiency in Wales: a targeted multiphasic approach."&gt;Screening for Vitamin B12 deficiency in Wales: a targeted multiphasic approach.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;object id="__sse7959366" width="477" height="510"&gt; &lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=drjosepvidal-alaballepidemiologyinpractice-110513190011-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=screening-for-vitamin-b12-deficiency-in-wales-a-targeted-multiphasic-approach&amp;userName=jvalaball" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse7959366" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=drjosepvidal-alaballepidemiologyinpractice-110513190011-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=screening-for-vitamin-b12-deficiency-in-wales-a-targeted-multiphasic-approach&amp;userName=jvalaball" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="477" height="510" FlashVars="gig_lt=1305331954301&amp;gig_pt=1305332000978&amp;gig_g=1&amp;gig_n=blogger"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;  &lt;param name="FlashVars" value="gig_lt=1305331954301&amp;gig_pt=1305332000978&amp;gig_g=1&amp;gig_n=blogger" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt; &lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-1563175680013620662?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/1563175680013620662/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=1563175680013620662&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/1563175680013620662'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/1563175680013620662'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/05/screening-for-vitamin-b12-deficiency-in.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-6986828419059496749</id><published>2011-05-09T12:54:00.002Z</published><updated>2011-05-09T12:55:19.669Z</updated><title type='text'>Unitat de Cribratge Ocular del Berguedà</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:477px" id="__ss_7894076"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/unitat-de-cribratge-ocular-bergued-institut-catal-de-la-salut" title="Unitat de Cribratge Ocular Berguedà. Institut Català de la Salut"&gt;Unitat de Cribratge Ocular Berguedà. Institut Català de la Salut&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;object id="__sse7894076" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=posterucoberguedjornadaapmonrural2-110509074318-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=unitat-de-cribratge-ocular-bergued-institut-catal-de-la-salut&amp;userName=jvalaball" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse7894076" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=posterucoberguedjornadaapmonrural2-110509074318-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=unitat-de-cribratge-ocular-bergued-institut-catal-de-la-salut&amp;userName=jvalaball" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-6986828419059496749?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/6986828419059496749/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=6986828419059496749&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6986828419059496749'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6986828419059496749'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/05/unitat-de-cribratge-ocular-bergueda.html' title='Unitat de Cribratge Ocular del Berguedà'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-628599250558623308</id><published>2011-04-28T23:18:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-04-28T23:18:57.065Z</updated><title type='text'>Visites al bloc</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www2.clustrmaps.com/counter/maps.php?url=http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/" id="clustrMapsLink" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Locations of visitors to this page" height="212" id="clustrMapsImg" onerror="this.onerror=null; this.src='http://clustrmaps.com/images/clustrmaps-back-soon.jpg'; document.getElementById('clustrMapsLink').href='http://clustrmaps.com';" src="http://www2.clustrmaps.com/counter/index2.php?url=http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" title="Locations of visitors to this page" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www2.clustrmaps.com/counter/maps.php?url=http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/" id="clustrMapsLink"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-628599250558623308?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/628599250558623308/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=628599250558623308&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/628599250558623308'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/628599250558623308'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/04/visites-al-bloc.html' title='Visites al bloc'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-2362517316816168775</id><published>2011-04-09T22:19:00.003Z</published><updated>2011-04-09T22:28:36.202Z</updated><title type='text'>Are all ACE inhibitors "ace" in treatment of essential hypertension?</title><content type='html'>Unpublished work&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div id="__ss_7573969" style="width: 477px;"&gt;&lt;strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/are-all-ace-inhibitors-ace-in-treatment-of-essential-hypertension" title="Are all ACE inhibitors ace in treatment of essential hypertension?"&gt;Are all ACE inhibitors &lt;i&gt;ace&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;in treatment of essential hypertension?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;object height="510" id="__sse7573969" width="477"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=areallaceinhibitorsacefinal-110409171308-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=are-all-ace-inhibitors-ace-in-treatment-of-essential-hypertension&amp;userName=jvalaball" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse7573969" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=areallaceinhibitorsacefinal-110409171308-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=are-all-ace-inhibitors-ace-in-treatment-of-essential-hypertension&amp;userName=jvalaball" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-2362517316816168775?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/2362517316816168775/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=2362517316816168775&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2362517316816168775'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2362517316816168775'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/04/are-all-ace-inhibitors-ace-in-treatment.html' title='Are all ACE inhibitors &quot;ace&quot; in treatment of essential hypertension?'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-2347604122469989669</id><published>2011-04-09T20:49:00.002Z</published><updated>2011-04-09T20:49:57.654Z</updated><title type='text'>VAS NÉIXER L'ANY 1971 AL BERGUEDÀ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Miraves el Mazinger Z els dissabtes a la tarda i et sabies la cançó de memòria? Nosaltres vam ser testimonis de les primeres malvestats del Darth Vader a "La Guerra de las Galaxias" l'any 1977, quan encara ningú no podia imaginar-se que més de dues dècades després descobriríem que el Luke Skywalker era el seu fill, ni la cua que Star Wars portaria. Potser teníeu un dels ara mítics bitllets de paper de 100 pessetes, apedaçats amb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;celo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;a la guardiola. I algú va aconseguir trobar aquell maleït cromo dels Danones que sempre faltava per acabar l'àlbum del Marco?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Possiblement nosaltres vam ser la darrera generació que vam passar els treballs del col.le amb una Olivetti, corregint errors amb les tires de Typex. A la nostra època no hi havia mòbils, ni email, ni xats, ni cadiretes homologades per als nens. Per no haver-hi, no hi havia ni cinturons als seients del darrere! Parlem dels temps en què el carrer del Roser era de doble direcció i en què el dia de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;las Fuerzas Armadas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;anàvem a envaïr el Cuartel dels Soldats. D'aquella mateixa època, quants no recordem l'antològica botiga d'articles de camuflatge de Ca la Paulina al carrer Major? I qui no havia vingut al col.le, a l'Insti o a Sant Francesc patint l'ATSA o el PLANAS des de Montmajor, Casserres, Sant Llorenç, la Pobla, Puig-Reig i altres pobles dels voltants?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="color: green; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Ens passàvem hores davant la ràdio amb el dit a punt per gravar la nostra cancó preferida en una cinta de cassette quan la toquessin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Si tu també vas viure aquesta època, vine al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sopar del 71!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;DATA: dissabte 7 de maig&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;HORA: 20:30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;LLOC: Restaurant La Fonda (Berga Resort)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Amb aquest aplec es pretén reunir tots aquells qui vam néixer el 1971, de Berga i comarca, per rememorar vells temps i retrobar-nos després de tants anys. Havent sopat hi haurà una festa-disco amenitzada amb els èxits "carrosses" d'aquell moment . Vine a reviure les millors nits disco del Menfis al ritme de Cyndi Lauper,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Duran Duran, Kool &amp;amp; the Gang i el famós Material Girl de Madonna entre moltíssims més. Prometem no posar Parchís ni Enrique y Ana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PREU SOPAR + FESTA (IVA inclòs):&amp;nbsp; 20 Euros&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;E-mail de contacte:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:sopar71@gmail.com" target="_blank"&gt;sopar71@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Grup al Facebook:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gent del 71 del Berguedà&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;. Entra-hi i puja-hi fotos dels nostres vells temps!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;IMPRESCINDIBLE PAGAMENT A L'AVANÇADA FINS AL 30 D'ABRIL (data límit).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cal fer el pagament al mateix restaurant La Fonda del Berga Resort o mitjançant transferència bancària a:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Caixa Penedès&lt;br /&gt;Número de compte: 2081 0484 92 5213000884&lt;br /&gt;DOTOMA RESTAURACIÓ S.L.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;El restaurant NO ES RESPONSABILITZARÀ d'aquelles transferències en què no constin clarament el NOM I COGNOMS de l'emissor i "SOPAR DEL 71" com a CONCEPTE del pagament, ni de les transferències efectuades després del dia 30 d'abril.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Contacte del Restaurant:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;La Fonda (Berga Resort)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;(persona de contacte: Maribel Traserra)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;E-9/C-16 Km.96&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;Tel. 93 821 30 80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-2347604122469989669?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/2347604122469989669/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=2347604122469989669&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2347604122469989669'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2347604122469989669'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/04/vas-neixer-lany-1971.html' title='VAS NÉIXER L&apos;ANY 1971 AL BERGUEDÀ?'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-5341742447369131163</id><published>2011-03-31T21:58:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-03-31T21:58:49.192Z</updated><title type='text'>Mineria i Salut. Regió 7. Abril 2004</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LY_yFYdrCxo/TZT48aYsacI/AAAAAAAAALc/dBl8EnLsMeA/s1600/Mineria0404.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="280" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LY_yFYdrCxo/TZT48aYsacI/AAAAAAAAALc/dBl8EnLsMeA/s640/Mineria0404.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-5341742447369131163?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/5341742447369131163/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=5341742447369131163&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5341742447369131163'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5341742447369131163'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/03/mineria-i-salut-regio-7-abril-2004.html' title='Mineria i Salut. Regió 7. Abril 2004'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LY_yFYdrCxo/TZT48aYsacI/AAAAAAAAALc/dBl8EnLsMeA/s72-c/Mineria0404.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-7906075137345177800</id><published>2011-03-31T00:54:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-03-31T00:54:13.582Z</updated><title type='text'>Tortura, una forma de terrorisme. Article Regió7. 2003</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2k1NbKslpEs/TZPQpGelj8I/AAAAAAAAALU/cJHY5BV4zS8/s1600/VIDALXRegio7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2k1NbKslpEs/TZPQpGelj8I/AAAAAAAAALU/cJHY5BV4zS8/s640/VIDALXRegio7.jpg" width="476" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-7906075137345177800?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/7906075137345177800/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=7906075137345177800&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/7906075137345177800'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/7906075137345177800'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/03/tortura-una-forma-de-terrorisme-article.html' title='Tortura, una forma de terrorisme. Article Regió7. 2003'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2k1NbKslpEs/TZPQpGelj8I/AAAAAAAAALU/cJHY5BV4zS8/s72-c/VIDALXRegio7.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-4107418518931221898</id><published>2011-03-31T00:50:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-03-31T00:50:46.015Z</updated><title type='text'>"Where are you from?" Article Regió7. Novembre 2003</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LCC0CAzZjMs/TZPP3cvxt_I/AAAAAAAAALQ/gA6P8xG-a-g/s1600/vidalnov-r7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LCC0CAzZjMs/TZPP3cvxt_I/AAAAAAAAALQ/gA6P8xG-a-g/s640/vidalnov-r7.jpg" width="334" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-4107418518931221898?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/4107418518931221898/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=4107418518931221898&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4107418518931221898'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4107418518931221898'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/03/where-are-you-from-article-regio7.html' title='&quot;Where are you from?&quot; Article Regió7. Novembre 2003'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LCC0CAzZjMs/TZPP3cvxt_I/AAAAAAAAALQ/gA6P8xG-a-g/s72-c/vidalnov-r7.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-4665563365429559196</id><published>2011-03-31T00:48:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-03-31T00:48:27.941Z</updated><title type='text'>Entrevista Evening Herald. Setembre 2000</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z7GEjWfAM4w/TZPPIEVTggI/AAAAAAAAALM/eDqTBU_BhXU/s1600/Sportinglive1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="297" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z7GEjWfAM4w/TZPPIEVTggI/AAAAAAAAALM/eDqTBU_BhXU/s640/Sportinglive1.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-4665563365429559196?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/4665563365429559196/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=4665563365429559196&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4665563365429559196'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4665563365429559196'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2011/03/entrevista-evening-herald-setembre-2000.html' title='Entrevista Evening Herald. Setembre 2000'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z7GEjWfAM4w/TZPPIEVTggI/AAAAAAAAALM/eDqTBU_BhXU/s72-c/Sportinglive1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-8503979084825320107</id><published>2011-03-31T00:16:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-03-31T00:16:38.445Z</updated><title type='text'>Article Berguedà actual. 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Primer salt de la Patum Completa del dijous&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"    style="font-family:Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.onsortir.tv/index.php?op=145&amp;amp;idc=68&amp;amp;_pagi_pg=4"&gt;http://www.onsortir.tv/index.php?op=145&amp;amp;idc=68&amp;amp;_pagi_pg=4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-9030768635170188314?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/9030768635170188314/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=9030768635170188314&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/9030768635170188314'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/9030768635170188314'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2010/07/fent-de-cavallet.html' title='Fent de cavallet'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-5681446310117419395</id><published>2010-07-08T22:48:00.001Z</published><updated>2010-07-08T22:49:46.778Z</updated><title type='text'>TURURUT !</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BVeiya6d3tk/TDZV-ADaSGI/AAAAAAAAAKc/Z3G1WjshfJU/s1600/Estatut+tu-rurut.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="WIDTH: 174px; 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from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-5257776703614802396?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/5257776703614802396/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=5257776703614802396&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5257776703614802396'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5257776703614802396'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2010/06/cd004655-systematic-revieworal.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-155589288097179480</id><published>2010-06-08T23:03:00.001Z</published><updated>2010-06-08T23:03:55.295Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:477px" id="__ss_4445599"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/mphdissertationcomparingcostsvitb12cmajvidalalaball" title="Comparing costs of intramuscular and oral administration of vitamin B12 in Primary Care in Wales: a cost minimisation analysis"&gt;Comparing costs of intramuscular and oral administration of vitamin B12 in Primary Care in Wales: a cost minimisation analysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;object id="__sse4445599" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=nocopymphdissertationcomparingcostsvitb12cmajvidalalaball-100608175718-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=mphdissertationcomparingcostsvitb12cmajvidalalaball"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse4445599" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=nocopymphdissertationcomparingcostsvitb12cmajvidalalaball-100608175718-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=mphdissertationcomparingcostsvitb12cmajvidalalaball" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-155589288097179480?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/155589288097179480/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=155589288097179480&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/155589288097179480'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/155589288097179480'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2010/06/comparing-costs-of-intramuscular-and.html' title=''/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-2058944219924048696</id><published>2010-06-06T00:38:00.000Z</published><updated>2010-06-06T00:41:19.115Z</updated><title type='text'>Reduced serum vitamin B-12 in patients taking metformin</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; "&gt;&lt;p id="slugline" style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;Published 20 May 2010, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2198&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cite this as:&lt;/strong&gt; BMJ 2010;340:c2198&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id="slugline" style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;honorary research fellow&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Christopher C Butler&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;professor of primary care medicine&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style="color: rgb(55, 174, 238); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal bold 1.8em/normal arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Editorials&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 style="color: rgb(58, 109, 142); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal bold 1.6em/normal arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Reduced serum vitamin B-12 in patients taking metformin&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id="article_remark" style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; "&gt;Until the clinical importance is clear, simple dietary advice&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;could solve the problem&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;As many as 22% of people with type 2 diabetes could have vitamin&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;B-12 deficiency.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The cause of vitamin B-12 deficiency in these&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;patients remains controversial,&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; but it can have important consequences&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diabetic&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;neuropathy. In small short term studies, treatment with metformin&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;has been associated with reduced vitamin B-12 concentrations&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;and an increased risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;Kooy and colleagues conducted a trial of the long term effects&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;of metformin treatment on metabolic and microvascular and macrovascular&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;complications in patients with type 2 diabetes who were already&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;taking insulin.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Three hundred and ninety patients were randomised&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;to receive insulin plus metformin or insulin plus placebo. After&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;a follow-up of 4.3 years, the study found fewer macrovascular&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;events in the metformin group, which was largely accounted for&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;by the beneficial effect of metformin on weight.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;In the linked study (doi:&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.c2181" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;10.1136/bmj.c2181&lt;/a&gt;) this same group&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;of authors, but with de Jager as first author, perform a further&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;analysis of their earlier study and report important differences&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;in serum vitamin B-12 in participants. In the placebo group,&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;vitamin B-12 increased by 0.2 pmol/l (0%, 95% confidence interval&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;–3% to 4%), whereas in the group with the addition of&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;metformin vitamin B-12 was reduced by 89.8 pmol/l (–19%,&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;–22% to –15%). At baseline, three participants in&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;the metformin group and four in the placebo group had vitamin&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;B-12 concentrations below 150 pmol/l. At follow-up after 4.3&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;years this had increased to 19 and five participants, respectively.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;The reduction in concentrations of vitamin B-12 in the metformin&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;group persisted and become more apparent over time. The number&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;needed to harm per 4.3 years was 13.8.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;Although the absolute number of affected participants was small&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;the differences in vitamin B-12 concentrations are convincing.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;A strength of this study is the long period of follow-up.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;The authors recommend that regular measurement of vitamin B-12&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;concentrations during long term metformin treatment should be&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;considered. Sadly, though, they do not report on quality of&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;life, neurological status, or measures of fatigue. Neither do&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;they report whether participants received any dietary advice&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;regarding vitamin B-12. As their introduction makes clear, we&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;have no robust research underpinning the assumption that people&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;with vitamin B-12 concentrations of 150 pmol/l or less are indeed&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;vitamin B-12 deficient. Although they may be at higher risk&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;for vitamin B-12 deficiency related effects, these risks are&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;not clearly quantified or always directly related to vitamin&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;B-12 concentrations. An opportunity may have been missed to&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;elucidate whether reduced vitamin B-12 concentrations resulted&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;in meaningful symptoms. Were the participants with lower concentrations&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;of vitamin B-12 more likely to feel worse and have adverse effects?&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;Other uncertainties include whether or not these findings apply&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;to most patients managed in primary care, who are not usually&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;treated with insulin—should these patients also be monitored&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;for vitamin B-12 concentrations? The conversion of patients&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;with type 2 diabetes to insulin treatment is controversial,&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;and it is the minority of patients whose diabetes is hardest&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;to control who typically start insulin treatment. If patients&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;are monitored, how should serum vitamin B-12 be measured?&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Furthermore,&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;it is not clear what form the intervention should take. The&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;options include dietary advice; increase intake of foods rich&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;in calcium and vitamin B-12; and vitamin B-12 supplements, which&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;could be taken orally or injected&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.c2198#REF10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;—most patients will&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;not have problems absorbing vitamin B-12 from the gut because&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;this form of vitamin B-12 deficiency is unlikely to be related&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;to intrinsic factor or bowel disease.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;There are several other questions related to vitamin B-12 replacement.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;Given the long time it takes to deplete vitamin B-12 stores,&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;how often—if at all—would intramuscular injections&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;need to be repeated? Should concentrations be monitored once&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;treatment is started? Can treatment be stopped after dietary&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;improvement? Would we miss important morbidity by proceeding&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;on the basis of symptoms and heightened clinical suspicion rather&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;than on systematic screening in all patients taking metformin?&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;The case that de Jager and colleagues make for routine assessment&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;of serum vitamin B-12 concentrations is based on findings from&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;patients taking insulin and with no evidence that monitoring&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;will benefit patients. The mechanisms are unclear, but it could&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;be something as simple as the dietary change associated with&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;metformin. We first need to determine whether simple dietary&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;counselling when metformin is started and at medication/annual&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;reviews will solve the problem. If it does not, a trial of screening&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;for vitamin B-12 deficiency in patients taking metformin would&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;be needed. Patients taking metformin (not just those also treated&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;with insulin) should be randomised to systematic serum vitamin&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;B-12 screening or routine care, with patient oriented outcomes&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;and costs included in the outcomes. Otherwise, we risk increasing&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;the burden on patients and the costs of care by treating biochemical&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;outcomes rather than outcomes that matter to patients.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cite this as:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;BMJ&lt;/i&gt; 2010;340:c2198&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="Credits" style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;honorary research fellow&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Christopher C Butler&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;professor of primary care medicine&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="Credits" style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;span id="em0"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:vidal-alaballj@cf.ac.uk" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;vidal-alaballj@cf.ac.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.c2181" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;Research, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2181&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name="" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Competing interests: All authors have completed the Unified&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;Competing Interest form at &lt;a href="http://www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;(available on request from the corresponding author) and declare:&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;(1) No financial support for the submitted work from anyone&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;other than their employer; (2) No financial relationships with&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;commercial entities that might have an interest in the submitted&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;work; (3) No spouses, partners, or children with relationships&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;with commercial entities that might have an interest in the&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;submitted work; (4) No non-financial interests that may be relevant&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;to the submitted work."&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;a name="" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Provenance and peer review: Commissioned; not externally peer&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;reviewed.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4 style="color: rgb(55, 174, 238); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal bold 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;References&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 10px; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;a name="REF1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;li value="1" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Pflipsen MC, Oh RC, Saguil A, Seehusen DA, Topolski R. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. &lt;i&gt;J Am Board Fam Med&lt;/i&gt; 2009;22:528-34.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&amp;amp;journalCode=jabfp&amp;amp;resid=22/5/528" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;[Abstract/&lt;span style="color:CC0000;"&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; Full Text]&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="2" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Andres E, Noel E, Goichot B. Metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency. &lt;i&gt;Arch Intern Med&lt;/i&gt; 2002;162:2251-2.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/ijlink?linkType=FULL&amp;amp;journalCode=archinte&amp;amp;resid=162/19/2251" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;[&lt;span style="color:CC0000;"&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; Full Text]&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="3" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Ting RZ-W, Szeto CC, Chan MH-M, Ma KK, Chow KM. Risk factors of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients receiving metformin. &lt;i&gt;Arch Intern Med&lt;/i&gt;2006;166:1975-9.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&amp;amp;journalCode=archinte&amp;amp;resid=166/18/1975" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;[Abstract/&lt;span style="color:CC0000;"&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; Full Text]&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="4" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Wulffelé MG, Kooy A, Lehert P, Bets D, Ogterop JC, Burg B, et al. Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. &lt;i&gt;J Intern Med&lt;/i&gt; 2003;254:455-63.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/external_ref?access_num=10.1046%2Fj.1365-2796.2003.01213.x&amp;amp;link_type=DOI" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;[CrossRef]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/external_ref?access_num=000185872500006&amp;amp;link_type=ISI" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;[Web of Science]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/external_ref?access_num=14535967&amp;amp;link_type=MED" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="5" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Kooy A, de Jager J, Lehert P, Wulffele MG, Bets D, Donker AJM, et al. Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. &lt;i&gt;Arch Intern Med&lt;/i&gt; 2009;169:616-25.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&amp;amp;journalCode=archinte&amp;amp;resid=169/6/616" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;[Abstract/&lt;span style="color:CC0000;"&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; Full Text]&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="6" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;De Jager J, Kooy A, Lehert P, Wulffelé MG, van der Kolk J, Bets D, et al. Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial.&lt;i&gt;BMJ&lt;/i&gt; 2010;340:c2181.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&amp;amp;journalCode=bmj&amp;amp;resid=340/may19_4/c2181" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;[Abstract/&lt;span style="color:CC0000;"&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; Full Text]&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="7" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Currie CJ, Peters JR, Tynan A, Evans M, Heine RJ, Bracco OL, et al. Survival as a function of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. &lt;i&gt;Lancet&lt;/i&gt; 2010;375:481-9.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/external_ref?access_num=10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2809%2961969-3&amp;amp;link_type=DOI" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;[CrossRef]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/external_ref?access_num=20110121&amp;amp;link_type=MED" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="8" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Goringe A, Ellis R, McDowell I, Vidal-Alaball J, Jenkins C, Butler CC, et al. The limited value of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine and holotranscobalamin in the diagnosis of early B12 deficiency.&lt;i&gt;Haematologica&lt;/i&gt; 2006;91:231-4.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&amp;amp;journalCode=haematol&amp;amp;resid=91/2/231" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;[Abstract/&lt;span style="color:CC0000;"&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; Full Text]&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="9" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Vidal-Alaball J, Butler CC, Potter CC. Comparing costs of intramuscular and oral vitamin B12 administration in primary care: a cost-minimization analysis. &lt;i&gt;Eur J Gen Pract&lt;/i&gt; 2006;12:169-73.&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/external_ref?access_num=10.1080%2F14017430601049449&amp;amp;link_type=DOI" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;[CrossRef]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/external_ref?access_num=17127603&amp;amp;link_type=MED" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="REF10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 105, 144); outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li value="10" style="font: normal normal normal 1.2em/normal Arial, 'Sans Serif'; font-size: 12px !important; line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Vidal-Alaball J, Butler C, Cannings-John R, Goringe A, Hood K, McCaddon A, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. &lt;i&gt;Cochrane Database Syst Rev&lt;/i&gt;2005;(3):CD004655.&lt;sup style="line-height: 0; "&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.bmj.com/icons/spacer.gif" height="30" width="0" alt=" " style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-2058944219924048696?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/2058944219924048696/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=2058944219924048696&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2058944219924048696'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2058944219924048696'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2010/06/reduced-serum-vitamin-b-12-in-patients.html' title='Reduced serum vitamin B-12 in patients taking metformin'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-6999768946699396787</id><published>2010-06-06T00:25:00.005Z</published><updated>2010-06-06T00:33:32.858Z</updated><title type='text'>Jornada d'Estiu de la Professió Mèdica 'Nous reptes'</title><content type='html'>Juliol de 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.combtv.cat/home.asp?Vq8=IK&amp;amp;Vqs=ILJ"&gt;http://www.combtv.cat/home.asp?Vq8=IK&amp;amp;Vqs=ILJ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.combtv.cat/home.asp?Vq8=IK&amp;amp;Vqs=ILK"&gt;http://www.combtv.cat/home.asp?Vq8=IK&amp;amp;Vqs=ILK&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.combtv.cat/home.asp?Vq8=IK&amp;amp;Vqs=ILL"&gt;http://www.combtv.cat/home.asp?Vq8=IK&amp;amp;Vqs=ILL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-6999768946699396787?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/6999768946699396787/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=6999768946699396787&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6999768946699396787'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/6999768946699396787'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2010/06/jornada-destiu-de-la-professio-medica.html' title='Jornada d&apos;Estiu de la Professió Mèdica &apos;Nous reptes&apos;'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-3100421484460855485</id><published>2010-03-05T00:41:00.002Z</published><updated>2010-03-05T00:43:41.890Z</updated><title type='text'>Criteris en el Maneig del Tractament Anticoagulant Oral en odontologia</title><content type='html'>Barcelona Març 2010 &lt;div style="WIDTH: 425px" id="__ss_3339741"&gt;&lt;strong style="MARGIN: 12px 0px 4px; DISPLAY: block"&gt;&lt;a title="ODONTOLOGIA: Criteris en el Maneig del Tractament Anticoagulant Oral" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/odontologia-criteris-en-el-maneig-del-tractament-anticoagulant-oral"&gt;ODONTOLOGIA: Criteris en el Maneig del Tractament Anticoagulant Oral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=criterisenelmaneigdeltractamentanticoagulantoraldrjvidal-alaball-100304182158-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=odontologia-criteris-en-el-maneig-del-tractament-anticoagulant-oral"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=criterisenelmaneigdeltractamentanticoagulantoraldrjvidal-alaball-100304182158-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=odontologia-criteris-en-el-maneig-del-tractament-anticoagulant-oral" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 12px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 5px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-3100421484460855485?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/3100421484460855485/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=3100421484460855485&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3100421484460855485'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3100421484460855485'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2010/03/odontologia-criteris-en-el-maneig-del.html' title='Criteris en el Maneig del Tractament Anticoagulant Oral en odontologia'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-4921742942646059622</id><published>2009-12-01T01:18:00.000Z</published><updated>2009-12-01T01:23:14.156Z</updated><title type='text'>Burocracia en la Atención Primaria del Reino Unido</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;semFYC, Barcelona Nov 2009&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; "&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2618810"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/burocracia-en-la-atencin-primaria-del-reino-unido-dr-j-vidal-alaball" title="Burocracia en la Atención Primaria del Reino Unido Dr J Vidal Alaball"&gt;Burocracia en la Atención Primaria del Reino Unido Dr J Vidal Alaball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=burocraciaenlaapdelreinounidodrjvidal-alaball-091130192031-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=burocracia-en-la-atencin-primaria-del-reino-unido-dr-j-vidal-alaball"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=burocraciaenlaapdelreinounidodrjvidal-alaball-091130192031-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=burocracia-en-la-atencin-primaria-del-reino-unido-dr-j-vidal-alaball" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-4921742942646059622?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/4921742942646059622/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=4921742942646059622&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4921742942646059622'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4921742942646059622'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/12/burocracia-en-la-atencion-primaria-del.html' title='Burocracia en la Atención Primaria del Reino Unido'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-4249777255400068153</id><published>2009-11-23T00:50:00.000Z</published><updated>2009-11-23T00:52:06.794Z</updated><title type='text'>Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review</title><content type='html'>Wales 2005&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; "&gt;&lt;div style="width:477px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2561263"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/oral-vitamin-b12-for-the-treatment-of-vitamin-b12-deficiency-a-systematic-review-2561263" title="Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review"&gt;Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=posterwalesprimarycaresymposiumjvidalalaball-091122185052-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=oral-vitamin-b12-for-the-treatment-of-vitamin-b12-deficiency-a-systematic-review-2561263"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=posterwalesprimarycaresymposiumjvidalalaball-091122185052-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=oral-vitamin-b12-for-the-treatment-of-vitamin-b12-deficiency-a-systematic-review-2561263" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-4249777255400068153?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/4249777255400068153/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=4249777255400068153&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4249777255400068153'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4249777255400068153'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/oral-vitamin-b12-for-treatment-of_23.html' title='Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-8871274023575144770</id><published>2009-11-23T00:48:00.001Z</published><updated>2009-11-23T00:48:54.988Z</updated><title type='text'>Cost of intramuscular versus oral vitamin B12 in Primary Care</title><content type='html'>Glasgow 2004&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; "&gt;&lt;div style="width:477px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2561248"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/cost-of-intramuscular-versus-oral-vitamin-b12-in-primary-care" title="Cost of intramuscular versus oral vitamin B12 in Primary Care"&gt;Cost of intramuscular versus oral vitamin B12 in Primary Care&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=cmaposterjvidal-alaball-091122184653-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=cost-of-intramuscular-versus-oral-vitamin-b12-in-primary-care"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=cmaposterjvidal-alaball-091122184653-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=cost-of-intramuscular-versus-oral-vitamin-b12-in-primary-care" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-8871274023575144770?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/8871274023575144770/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=8871274023575144770&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8871274023575144770'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8871274023575144770'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/cost-of-intramuscular-versus-oral.html' title='Cost of intramuscular versus oral vitamin B12 in Primary Care'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-2313029626469989894</id><published>2009-11-23T00:42:00.001Z</published><updated>2009-11-23T00:42:51.798Z</updated><title type='text'>Curs de Comunicació Científica</title><content type='html'>Manresa 2008&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; "&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2561234"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/curs-de-comunicaci-cientfica" title="Curs de Comunicació Científica"&gt;Curs de Comunicació Científica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=cursdecomunicacicientficadrjvidalalaballfinal-091122184010-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=curs-de-comunicaci-cientfica"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=cursdecomunicacicientficadrjvidalalaballfinal-091122184010-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=curs-de-comunicaci-cientfica" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-2313029626469989894?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/2313029626469989894/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=2313029626469989894&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2313029626469989894'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2313029626469989894'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/curs-de-comunicacio-cientifica.html' title='Curs de Comunicació Científica'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-7708971563165048829</id><published>2009-11-23T00:41:00.001Z</published><updated>2009-11-23T00:41:43.373Z</updated><title type='text'>Effective elements of school health promotion across behavioral domains</title><content type='html'>Barcelona 2009&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; "&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2561202"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/effective-elements-of-school-health-promotion-across-behavioral-domains" title="Effective elements of school health promotion across behavioral domains"&gt;Effective elements of school health promotion across behavioral domains&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=schoolhealthpromotiondrjvidal-alaball-091122183523-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=effective-elements-of-school-health-promotion-across-behavioral-domains"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=schoolhealthpromotiondrjvidal-alaball-091122183523-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=effective-elements-of-school-health-promotion-across-behavioral-domains" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-7708971563165048829?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/7708971563165048829/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=7708971563165048829&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/7708971563165048829'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/7708971563165048829'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/effective-elements-of-school-health.html' title='Effective elements of school health promotion across behavioral domains'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-8119887031384431059</id><published>2009-11-23T00:26:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-11-23T00:29:15.424Z</updated><title type='text'>Public Health Implications of Contaminated Land</title><content type='html'>Wales 2006&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style=" color: rgb(68, 68, 68);  white-space: pre; font-family:Arial;font-size:10px;"&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2561150"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/contaminated-land-j-vidal-alaball-oct06" title="Contaminated Land J Vidal Alaball Oct06"&gt;Contaminated Land J Vidal Alaball Oct06&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=contaminatedlandjvidal-alaballoct06-091122182434-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=contaminated-land-j-vidal-alaball-oct06"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=contaminatedlandjvidal-alaballoct06-091122182434-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=contaminated-land-j-vidal-alaball-oct06" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-8119887031384431059?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/8119887031384431059/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=8119887031384431059&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8119887031384431059'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/8119887031384431059'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/contaminated-land.html' title='Public Health Implications of Contaminated Land'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-3044396337019488121</id><published>2009-11-23T00:17:00.001Z</published><updated>2009-11-23T00:18:37.818Z</updated><title type='text'>Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;WONCA. Orlando 2004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2561114"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/oral-vitamin-b12-for-the-treatment-of-vitamin-b12-deficiency-a-systematic-review" title="Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review"&gt;Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=drjosepvidal-alaballwoncaorlando-091122181428-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=oral-vitamin-b12-for-the-treatment-of-vitamin-b12-deficiency-a-systematic-review"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=drjosepvidal-alaballwoncaorlando-091122181428-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=oral-vitamin-b12-for-the-treatment-of-vitamin-b12-deficiency-a-systematic-review" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"    style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#444444;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; white-space: pre;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-3044396337019488121?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/3044396337019488121/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=3044396337019488121&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3044396337019488121'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3044396337019488121'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/oral-vitamin-b12-for-treatment-of.html' title='Oral Vitamin B12 for the treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency: A Systematic Review'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-954009136300431758</id><published>2009-11-18T01:34:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-11-20T01:18:24.281Z</updated><title type='text'>Són Necessaris més metges a Catalunya?</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="WHITE-SPACE: pre; COLOR: rgb(68,68,68)font-family:Arial;font-size:10;" class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;div style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 425px" id="__ss_2523753"&gt;&lt;a style="MARGIN: 12px 0px 3px; DISPLAY: block; FONT: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" title="Són Necessaris més metges a Catalunya  J  Vidal  Alaball" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/sn-necessaris-ms-metges-a-catalunya-j-vidal-alaball"&gt;Són Necessaris més metges a Catalunya J Vidal Alaball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="MARGIN: 0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=final-son-necessaris-mes-metges-a-catalunya-j-vidal-alaball-1258501311-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=sn-necessaris-ms-metges-a-catalunya-j-vidal-alaball"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=final-son-necessaris-mes-metges-a-catalunya-j-vidal-alaball-1258501311-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=sn-necessaris-ms-metges-a-catalunya-j-vidal-alaball" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="FONT-FAMILY: tahoma,arial; HEIGHT: 26px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; PADDING-TOP: 2px"&gt;View more &lt;a style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-954009136300431758?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/954009136300431758/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=954009136300431758&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/954009136300431758'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/954009136300431758'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/son-necessaris-mes-metges-catalunya.html' title='Són Necessaris més metges a Catalunya?'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-4793521056238630240</id><published>2009-11-17T23:08:00.000Z</published><updated>2009-11-17T23:09:31.516Z</updated><title type='text'>Organització de la Recerca Al Regne Unit</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; "&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2523321"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball/organitzaci-de-la-recerca-al-regne-unit-dr-j-vidalalaball" title="Organització de la Recerca Al Regne Unit Dr J Vidal-Alaball"&gt;Organització de la Recerca Al Regne Unit Dr J Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=organitzaciodelarecercaalregneunitdrjvidalalaball-091117165432-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=organitzaci-de-la-recerca-al-regne-unit-dr-j-vidalalaball"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=organitzaciodelarecercaalregneunitdrjvidalalaball-091117165432-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=organitzaci-de-la-recerca-al-regne-unit-dr-j-vidalalaball" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/jvalaball"&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-4793521056238630240?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/4793521056238630240/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=4793521056238630240&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4793521056238630240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/4793521056238630240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/11/organitzacio-de-la-recerca-al-regne.html' title='Organització de la Recerca Al Regne Unit'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-973570573705041447</id><published>2009-09-07T20:07:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-09-07T20:17:19.959Z</updated><title type='text'>Swine influenza. Comunicating Risk</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level:1"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;Risk perceptions&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:1"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level:1"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Risks are generally more worrying if perceived:&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:5"&gt;                                                  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To be involuntary &lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 8"&gt;                                                                                              &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;As inequitably distributed, some benefit while others suffer&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:2"&gt;                      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;As inescapable by taking personal precautions&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:4"&gt;                                        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To arise from an unfamiliar or novel source&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:4"&gt;                                             &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To result from man-made, rather than natural sources&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:3"&gt;                              &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To cause hidden and irreversible damage with onset many years later&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:1"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To pose particular danger to small children or pregnant women or more generally future generations&lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 2"&gt;                    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:4"&gt;                                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To threaten a form of death (or illness/injury) arousing particular dread&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To damage identifiable rather than anonymous victims&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:2"&gt;                 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To be poorly understood by science&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:5"&gt;                                                       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;As subject to contradictory statements from responsible sources (or even worse, from the same source, or from untrustworthy source.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:1"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:32.2pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 32.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Invisible or undetectable, catastrophic, memorable, uncertain, uncontrollable or unethical risk.&lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 1"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "&gt;Explaining risks: risk comparisons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;Comparisons between risks are not always unhelpful.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Responsible use of comparative figures requires careful thought.&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;No single approach or combination of approaches has yet been determined to be the most useful or appropriate under different circumstances.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The effectiveness of risk communication efforts vary depending on the subject matter, decision alternatives, intended audience, and other factors.&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Examples of risk of death from involuntary risks (warning: use of this data for risk comparison purposes can severely damage your credibility, use with caution). &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoTableList3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-left:5.4pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:  solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:  480;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh:.75pt solid black"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:-1"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border-top:solid black 1.5pt;border-left:none;   border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc:1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:navy"&gt;Risk&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border-top:solid black 1.5pt;border-left:none;   border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc:1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:navy"&gt;Risk   of death (person/year)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Influenza&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;1 in 5,000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Leukaemia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;1 in 12,500&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Struck by an automobile&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;1 in 16,600&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Being murdered&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;1 in 100,000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Bites of venomous creatures&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;1 in 5 million&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Lightning&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:   solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;1 in 10 million&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc:2"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:   normal"&gt;Falling aircraft&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:   solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc:2"&gt;1 in 50 million&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-973570573705041447?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/973570573705041447/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=973570573705041447&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/973570573705041447'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/973570573705041447'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/09/swine-influenza-comunicating-risk.html' title='Swine influenza. Comunicating Risk'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-7508077290538750153</id><published>2009-09-07T19:59:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-09-07T20:01:45.179Z</updated><title type='text'>RECOMANACIONS DE DESINFECCIÓ PER A REDUIR L’EXPANSIÓ DE LA INFECCIÓ PEL NOU VIRUS DE LA GRIP A (H1N1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-hyphenate:auto;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Josep Vidal i Alabal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="CA"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-hyphenate:auto;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA;mso-fareast-language: ES"&gt;L’evidència suggereix que el virus no sobreviu gaire temps en superfícies o objectes tous, tot i que pot sobreviure fins a 24 hores en superfícies sòlides.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-hyphenate:auto;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA;mso-fareast-language: ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "&gt;Supervivència del virus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 14.2pt 21.3pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: CA"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA"&gt;Superfícies dures i no poroses (acer inoxidable, plàstic): el virus pot sobreviure fins a 72 hores, però només 24 hores en quantitats suficients per significar risc d’infecció.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 14.2pt 21.3pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: CA"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA"&gt;Superfícies toves/mobiliari (roba, mocadors, mocadors de paper, revistes): el virus pot sobreviure fins a 12 hores, però només 15 minuts en quantitats suficients per significar risc d’infecció.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 14.2pt 21.3pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: CA"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA"&gt;Una vegada el virus es troba a les mans, sobreviu menys de 5 minuts&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 14.2pt 21.3pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: CA"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA"&gt;Netejar-se les mans amb aigua i sabó (i assecar les mans) és una manera efectiva d’eliminar els virus de les mans.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 14.2pt 21.3pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: CA"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA"&gt;El virus és eliminat en 30 segons amb l’alcohol de mans&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-hyphenate:auto;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA;mso-fareast-language: ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "&gt;Neteja i desinfecció&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-hyphenate:auto;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA;mso-fareast-language: ES;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"&gt;El virus és fàcilment eliminat amb els productes de neteja habituals i detergents. Aigua amb detergent preparada de nou s’ha d’utilitzar per la neteja de superfícies. Consultoris i espais públics com ascensors i taulells de recepció haurien de ser desinfectades al menys 1 cop al dia. La pols s’hauria de treure amb draps humits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="CA" style="mso-ansi-language:CA;mso-fareast-language:ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-7508077290538750153?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/7508077290538750153/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=7508077290538750153&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/7508077290538750153'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/7508077290538750153'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2009/09/recomanacions-de-desinfeccio-per-reduir.html' title='RECOMANACIONS DE DESINFECCIÓ PER A REDUIR L’EXPANSIÓ DE LA INFECCIÓ PEL NOU VIRUS DE LA GRIP A (H1N1)'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-2138921572485953429</id><published>2008-12-24T11:24:00.005Z</published><updated>2008-12-24T11:33:25.992Z</updated><title type='text'>Revisions bibliogràfiques</title><content type='html'>1429 &lt;strong&gt;Sobretractament amb corticoides inhalats i problemes amb el diagnòstic a l'atenció primària&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gencat.net/ics/professionals/recull/bibliografic/2008_7/1429.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;http://www.gencat.net/ics/professionals/recull/bibliografic/2008_7/1429.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AAEM Lucas, FWJM Smeenk, IJ Smeele and CP van Schayck. &lt;a class="cosset" href="http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/2/86" target="_blank"&gt;Overtreatment with inhaled corticosteroids and diagnostic problems in primary care patients, an exploratory study. &lt;/a&gt;Family Practice 2008;25(2):86-91.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18304973?ordinalpos=6&amp;amp;itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introducció&lt;/strong&gt;. És àmpliament conegut que molts malalts amb asma o malaltia pulmonar obstructiva crònica (MPOC) estan infradiagnosticats i infratractats, però és menys conegut el possible excés diagnòstic i subseqüent sobretractament amb corticoides inhalats.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectius&lt;/strong&gt;. Aquest estudi investiga com n'és d'habitual que els corticoides inhalats es prescriguin sense estar indicats i com n'és d'important el problema de diagnòstic causat per la inadequada prescripció i ús dels corticoides inhalats.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mètodes&lt;/strong&gt;. S'hi van incloure tots els pacients referits a un centre de diagnòstic d'atenció primària durant 6 mesos que utilitzaven corticoides inhalats sense una indicació clara. Els seus metges de família van ser preguntats sobre les raons per prescriure corticoides inhalats. Si no es podia arribar a un diagnòstic clar, es demanava als seus metges de família que aturessin els corticoides inhalats i que fessin una espirometria després d'un període d'almenys 3 mesos sense prendre corticoides. Després d'1 any, l'ús de corticoides inhalats era avaluat i el diagnòstic restablert.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resultats&lt;/strong&gt;. De tots els malalts referits (2.271), 1.171 utilitzaven corticoides inhalats, 505 (30 %) sense una indicació clara. Després d'1 any, els resultats finals indicaren que un 11 % dels malalts que originàriament utilitzaven corticoides inhalats no en tenien una indicació clara i per tant van deixar de prendre'ls. Per a un 15 %, les raons per prendre corticoides inhalats van continuar essent poc clares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;. El sobretractament amb corticoides inhalats sembla considerable en l'atenció primària, cosa que etiqueta falsament malalts com a asmàtics i genera costos innecessaris i possibles efectes secundaris. Els metges de família han de ser més conscients de la necessitat de tenir un diagnòstic adequat abans de prescriure corticoides inhalats. El sobretractament amb corticoides inhalats a l'atenció primària es pot disminuir donant suport als metges de família en els processos de diagnòstic i en les preses de decisions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Font de finançament. "Partners in Care Solutions", una iniciativa de la Institució de Recerca Caphri, Pfizer Inc i Boehringer Ingelheim Inc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conflicte d'interessos. Cap de declarat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comentari crític&lt;/strong&gt;. A causa de la major preocupació que des de fa un temps s'està donant per tal de diagnosticar ràpidament l'asma i l'MPOC és temptador començar medicació amb corticoides inhalats si els malalts es presenten a la consulta amb símptomes bronquials sense confirmar el diagnòstic amb una espirometria. Una vegada els malalts són etiquetats com a asmàtics o amb MPOC és difícil de treure aquesta etiqueta.Tot i que és evident que no s'ha de donar i continuar una medicació sense tenir un diagnòstic clar, l'estudi mostra que la meitat dels metges de família a qui es va demanar el motiu pel qual havien prescrit corticoides inhalats no en sabien donar la raó. Sembla oportú que si hi ha dubtes sobre si estem davant d'asma /MPOC aturem els corticoides inhalats i fem una espirometria per tal de revaluar el diagnòstic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Revisor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Josep Vidal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EAP Alt Berguedà&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-2138921572485953429?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/2138921572485953429/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=2138921572485953429&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2138921572485953429'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/2138921572485953429'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2008/12/revisions-bibliogrfiques_24.html' title='Revisions bibliogràfiques'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-5098037620073753305</id><published>2008-12-24T11:20:00.005Z</published><updated>2008-12-24T11:31:33.763Z</updated><title type='text'>Revisions bibliogràfiques</title><content type='html'>1405&lt;strong&gt; Resposta a errors mèdics seriosos en l'atenció primària - conseqüències pels metges involucrats: anàlisi de 75 casos a Alemanya &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gencat.net/ics/professionals/recull/bibliografic/2008_4/1405.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;http://www.gencat.net/ics/professionals/recull/bibliografic/2008_4/1405.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fisseni G, Pentzek M and Abholz H-H. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a class="cosset" href="http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/1/9" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Responding to serious medical error in general practice-consequences for the GPs involved: analysis of 75 cases from Germany.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; Family Practice 2008; 25:9-13.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectiu&lt;/strong&gt;. Records dels metges de primària sobre els errors de tractament més seriosos de la seva carrera i les seves conseqüències. Hi influeix qui va contribuir a l'error o a la seva descoberta o divulgació?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disseny&lt;/strong&gt;. Qüestionaris anònims sobre "els 3 errors mèdics més seriosos de la teva carrera com a metge de primària". Es va facilitar als metges que participaven en l'estudi una definició operacional d'error mèdic seriós. Els metges van utilitzar una tècnica especial per recordar errors seriosos utilitzant associacions amb els malalts. El mètode per recordar i el qüestionari semiestructurat de 25 paràmetres utilitzat va ser provat prèviament pels autors. Els paràmetres van ser analitzats de manera quantitativa i mitjançant anàlisi qualitativa de contingut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emplaçament&lt;/strong&gt;. Centres d'atenció primària de la regió nord del Rin d'Alemanya: 32 metges de primària van informar sobre 75 dels seus errors mèdics més seriosos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resultats&lt;/strong&gt;. A més de la meitat dels casos analitzats, altres persones van contribuir considerablement als errors dels metges de primària. Molts dels errors van ser descoberts i divulgats als malalts pels metges de primària: ja sigui pels metges involucrats o per col·legues. Molts dels metges involucrats van sofrir una pèrdua de la seva reputació i de malalts. De totes maneres, més pacients van romandre amb els seus metges que no pas els van deixar, depenent de qui va contribuir a l'error, qui el va descobrir i de qui va informar el malalt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;. La majoria de malalts van mantenir la confiança amb els seus metges de primària després d'un error mèdic seriós, sobretot si el metge no va ser l'únic que va contribuir a l'error i si el metge va participar activament en la descoberta i divulgació de l'error.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Font de finançament. No hi consta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conflicte d'interessos. Cap de declarat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comentari crític&lt;/strong&gt;. A molts professionals els amoïna que el fet d'admetre haver comès un error els produeixi una pèrdua de prestigi entre els col·legues i els seus malalts. Aquest estudi explica que, si bé això és cert, l'impacte és menor si els metges involucrats estan oberts a les crítiques i juguen un paper actiu en el descobriment i informació de l'error als pacients afectats.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En alguns països europeus com és el cas d'alemanya i el Regne Unit s'estan implantant sistemes per informar anònimament i aprendre dels errors mèdics seriosos. És important que la professió mèdica prengui mesures, individualment o organitzativa, per evitar errors mèdics. També és important que els professionals responguin adequadament a aquests errors i rebin els suport psicològic que necessiten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Revisor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Josep Vidal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EAP Alt Berguedà&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-5098037620073753305?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/5098037620073753305/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=5098037620073753305&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5098037620073753305'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/5098037620073753305'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2008/12/revisions-bibliogrfiques.html' title='Revisions bibliogràfiques'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-3358079891805091493</id><published>2008-05-31T22:31:00.001Z</published><updated>2008-05-31T22:33:09.186Z</updated><title type='text'>Setmana sense fum</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Josep Vidal i Alaball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bergueda Actual&lt;/strong&gt;     30/05/08&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Del 26 al 31 de maig del 2008 es celebra la IX setmana sense fum organitzada per el Departament de Salut, la Societat Catalana de Medicina Familiar i Comunitària i el Grup d’Atenció Primària d’Abordatge al Tabaquisme i que porta per lema “Per totes les persones i, sobretot, per tu”. Aquesta campanya pretén donar a conèixer de manera clara els efectes nocius del tabaquisme actiu i passiu i informar a les persones que volen deixar de fumar dels recursos existents per fer-ho. La campanya també incorpora una Guia per al tractament del tabaquisme actiu i passiu i coincideix amb el Dia Mundial Sense Tabac del dia 31 de maig.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Catalunya, 3 de cada 10 persones de 15 anys i més són fumadores (25,5% amb consum diari i 3,9% amb consum ocasional). La proporció de fumadors està disminuint, i ho fa més accentuadament en els homes que en les dones. A Catalunya, un 48,4% dels ciutadans (835.000 persones aproximadament) que fumen volen deixar-ho. Entre aquestes persones, un 73,3% tenen entre 15-44 anys i un 40,8% són dones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;És conegut que el tabac conté una droga, la Nicotina, 600 additius i més de 4000 productes tòxics. Fumar redueix la tolerància a l’exercici, accelera l’envelliment de la pell (apareixen més arrugues a la cara) i provoca taques a les dents. A més afecta el correcte funcionament dels pulmons cosa que provoca entre altres coses la típica tos del matí al llevar-se, que els constipats i les bronquitis triguin més temps a curar-se i que empitjorin malalties com l’asma. També està demostrat que el tabac provoca un augment del risc de patir càncer de pulmó i malalties cardiovasculars.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A més a més, cada vegada s’estan demostrant millor els riscos del tabaquisme passiu (inhalació de l’aire contaminat pel fum del tabac). El tabaquisme passiu pot provocar malalties respiratòries agudes, agreujament dels símptomes de l’asma en nens i adults, malalties coronàries (angina de pit, infart de miocardi) i augment del risc de determinats càncers. Els nens petits són els més perjudicats perquè no poden evitar voluntàriament l’exposició a l’aire contaminat pel fum del tabac. A més, no hi ha cap grau segur d’exposició ni cap dispositiu que elimini de l’ambient el fum del tabac ni els seus productes tòxics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El tabac és en l’actualitat segurament el problema més important de salut pública de Catalunya i potser ja està arribant el moment de ser menys tolerant amb els quins no respecten el dret dels no fumadors a respirar aire lliure del fum del tabac.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-3358079891805091493?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/3358079891805091493/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=3358079891805091493&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3358079891805091493'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/3358079891805091493'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2008/05/setmana-sense-fum.html' title='Setmana sense fum'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-719009248417245820</id><published>2007-10-12T22:59:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-10-12T23:05:27.357Z</updated><title type='text'>La grip, un problema de salut pública</title><content type='html'>Josep Vidal i Alaball&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;berguedà actual 11/10/07&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La grip és una malaltia infecciosa vírica de les vies respiratòries molt contagiosa. Es calcula que entre el 5% i el 20% de la població general i fins el 50% o més de les persones internades en institucions tancades emmalalteix de grip cada any. Això dóna lloc a un important nombre de consultes mèdiques i dies laborables perduts com a conseqüència de la malaltia i la seva convalescència, que pot oscil·lar entre dies i setmanes. La grip pot ser mortal, principalment en persones grans o amb factors de risc preexistents. A diferència d’altres virus com el de l’hepatitis B o xarrampió, el virus de la grip varia les seves característiques amb facilitat, per això les vacunes s’han d’elaborar cada temporada i cal que ens vacunem cada any.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-719009248417245820?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/719009248417245820/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=719009248417245820&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/719009248417245820'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/719009248417245820'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-grip-un-problema-de-salut-pblica.html' title='La grip, un problema de salut pública'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-1497489725968585727</id><published>2007-10-12T22:52:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-10-12T23:07:16.103Z</updated><title type='text'>Arriba al Berguedà la campanya preventiva contra la grip</title><content type='html'>Josep Vidal i Alaball&lt;br /&gt;berguedà actual 11/10/07&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El sistema mèdic aconsella la vacunació a col·lectius de risc com: persones grans, malalts respiratoris i professionals exposats&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El dia 1 d’octubre va començar la campanya de vacunació antigripal a Catalunya que s’allargarà fins al 30 de novembre de 2007. Les vacunes estan disponibles de forma gratuïta en els centres d’atenció primària de la nostra comarca. La temporada 2005-2006 es van distribuir a Catalunya 1.336.507 vacunes als centres d’atenció primària i altres centres vacunals de Catalunya, això va suposar un 70,2% de les persones susceptibles de vacunació.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La vacunació antigripal està adreçada principalment a les persones que tenen un alt risc de complicacions si pateixen la grip com són: persones de 60 anys d’edat o més, persones internades en institucions tancades (residències geriàtriques, centres de malalties cròniques i malalties mentals, etc), adults i infants amb malalties pulmonars (inclòs l’asma) o cardiovasculars cròniques, adults i infants que pateixen malalties metabòliques (com la diabetis mellitus), renals o hepàtiques cròniques, anèmies, asplènia, malalties neuromusculars greus o immunosupressió. La vacuna també està indicada i es considera segura en dones embarassades.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;També s’adreça als persones o grups que poden transmetre la grip a persones d’alt risc com són: treballadors de la salut tant de l’atenció primària com l’hospitalària, treballadors d’institucions (residències geriàtriques o centres de malalts crònics) que tinguin contacte amb pacients o residents, personal que presta assistència domiciliària a individus d’alt risc (infermeria, treballadors voluntaris, etc) i persones que conviuen amb persones d’alt risc. També es recomana la vacunació en persones que efectuen serveis essencials per a la comunitat (policies, bombers, personal de protecció civil, etc) per tal de minimitzar la interrupció de la seva activitat durant els brots gripals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La campanya de vacunació antigripal 2007-2008 té com a objectius incrementar la cobertura de vacunació antigripalfins al 74% de la població de grups de risc i millorar la cobertura en treballadors de la salut, ja que tot i la importància de la vacunació, la cobertura assolida fins ara en aquest grup ha estat baixa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les persones a les quals els està indicada la vacuna i volen rebre-la es poden adreçar als centres d'atenció primària de salut de la nostra comarca on els indicaran que cal fer per obtenir-la. Alguns centres, com el Consultori de Bagà, tenen previst fer 1 setmana intensiva de vacunació, tot i que la vacuna es podrà obtenir també fins al final de la campanya. Aquest centre també té previst revisar l’estat vacunal de les persones que acudeixin a vacunar-se i oferir, quan calgui, altres vacunes recomanades.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-1497489725968585727?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/1497489725968585727/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=1497489725968585727&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/1497489725968585727'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/1497489725968585727'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2007/10/arriba-al-bergued-la-campanya.html' title='Arriba al Berguedà la campanya preventiva contra la grip'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-478185375760559985</id><published>2007-06-15T22:09:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-06-15T22:10:30.648Z</updated><title type='text'>27 de maig: canvi generacional</title><content type='html'>Josep Vidal i Alaball&lt;br /&gt;Bergueda Actual&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es poden analitzar les passades  eleccions municipals del 27 de maig a Berga de moltes maneres i en moltes claus diferents; la pèrdua de l’Alcaldia quasi segura per part del PSC i la recuperació de la mateixa per CiU, l’irrupció de la CUP, la davallada d’ERC, el nou fracàs d’Iniciativa per Catalunya per ser representada a l’ajuntament de la ciutat .... Jo però les voldria valorar des d’un altre punt de vista ja que crec que aquestes eleccions municipals a Berga han representat un canvi generacional per als polítics berguedans. Si es confirma la notícia que en Ramon Camps no continuarà com a líder del PSC de Berga, desapareixerà l’últim dels tres grans protagonistes de la vida política que en la meva opinió ha tingut Berga en els darrers 25 anys juntament amb en Jaume Farguell i en Josep Badia. Si en Farguell va ser apartat de l’ajuntament l’any 1999, fa uns mesos l’hi va tocar el torn a en Badia que ja no va ser present a les llistes de CiU. Això ha anat acompanyat de l’aparició de nous polítics de menys de 40 anys que han passat a ocupar llocs importants en les llistes dels principals partits polítics de la ciutat. Si bé no és un polític nou ja que fa 8 anys que és regidor, el nom més destacat dintre d’aquests joves polítics és en Juli Gendrau, el que properament amb quasi seguretat serà nou Alcalde de la ciutat. No cal oblidar però altres polítics que també tenen menys de 40 anys com Daniel Bullich o Antoni Baños del PSC i Jaume Vegas i Rosa Guitart de CiU. Una menció especial cal fer-la per la CUP, una candidatura formada exclusivament per gent jove i que amb noms com Natxo Romero o Anna Maria Guijarro aspiren a protagonitzar el futur polític de la nostra ciutat. Alguns han donat la culpa dels seus mal resultats a la presencia de la CUP, potser tenen raó, però també caldria que analitzessin perquè els partits polítics tradicionals no ha estat capaços d’encabir a gent de la CUP que han demostrat que tenien una maduresa política suficient com per atraure un nombre important de vots dels berguedans. Voldria aprofitar aquest article per demanar a tota aquesta nova generació de polítics que treballin conjuntament per aconseguir que molts altres joves trobin que val la pena de perdre mitja hora de la seva vida per exercir el seu dret al vot, crec que la taxes d’abstenció els haurien de fer reflexionar profundament.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Berga, 12 de juny del 2007&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-478185375760559985?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/478185375760559985/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=478185375760559985&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/478185375760559985'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/478185375760559985'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2007/06/27-de-maig-canvi-generacional.html' title='27 de maig: canvi generacional'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-117053741328133159</id><published>2007-02-03T21:16:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-02-03T21:16:53.286Z</updated><title type='text'>Berga, uns anys després (introducció)</title><content type='html'>Per Josep Vidal i Alaball&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He tornat a viure a Berga després de molts anys d'estar a la Gran Bretanya. És evident que la ciutat ha canviat molt en el últims anys i per això m'he proposat escriure de manera més o menys periòdica al Berguedà Actual per descriure els canvis que he trobat la la meva ciutat i també a la comarca en general. La meva intenció inicial no és la de ser crític amb la ciutat i la comarca però la condició humana sempre tendeix a notar més les coses negatives que les positives. També és cert que quan es veuen més els problemes és quan fa un temps que no vius en un lloc, quan els pateixes diàriament ja t’hi acostumes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em volia estrenar amb un tema polèmic; la circulació viària a Berga. Com ha empitjorat el trànsit a Berga en els últims 10 anys és una de les coses que m'han xocat més des de que he tornat. Fa uns anys era impensable haver de fer 10 o 15 minuts de cua en una cruïlla de la ciutat, però ara això és una norma que es repeteix cada matí i cada tarda en molts carrers. He de reconèixer que els Berguedans tenim una gran part de culpa en que la circulació sigui tant dolenta en determinades hores del dia, ja que cada vegada agafem més el cotxe per fer trajectes més petits. De fet, a Berga el 90% dels trajectes es poden fer perfectament a peu. Però també s'ha de dir que l'ordenació del transit no sembla la més adequada en alguns punts neuràlgics de la ciutat. Les cruïlles del Carrer Pere III amb el Passeig de la Pau i del final de la Ronda Moreta són punts negres i no sembla que s'hi hagi fet res per resoldre el problema en els últims 5 o 6 anys. La localització dels passos zebra tampoc sembla molt encertat (alguns estan al mig de corbes o estan duplicats) i n'hi han molts de mig esborrats. A vegades em pregunto si els passos zebra han estat pintats per la funerària local... Els pocs semàfors que hi han no sembla que facin gaire bé la seva funció ja que funcionen independentment del trànsit que hi hagi. Sovint t'has d'esperar quan no ve cap cotxe. Actualment moltes ciutats tenen semàfors que es regulen en funció de la circulació que hi ha en la zona i crec que posar-los seria una bona inversió per a la ciutat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tots tenim una part de responsabilitat en el trànsit de la nostra ciutat i tots hauriem de fer un esforç per millorar-la, és clar que el creixement actual en la circulació de Berga no és sostenible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Berga, 24 de gener del 2007&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-117053741328133159?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/117053741328133159/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=117053741328133159&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/117053741328133159'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/117053741328133159'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2007/02/berga-uns-anys-desprs-introducci.html' title='Berga, uns anys després (introducció)'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-117053731547598346</id><published>2007-02-03T21:14:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-02-03T21:15:15.493Z</updated><title type='text'>Salut i llibertat personal</title><content type='html'>Per Josep Vidal i Alaball (metge)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ja son uns quants els països, principalment europeus, que han prohibit fumar en els llocs públics. A la Gran Bretanya, Escòcia ho va fer el març passat i l'any vinent tenen previst fer-ho Anglaterra i Gal.les. Aquestes prohibicions han fet renéixer un debat interessant sobre on comença i on acaba la llibertat personal per fumar, beure o menjar aliments que perjudiquen la salut. Els auto-anomenats "llibertaris" creuen que tothom te el dret a fer el que vulgui amb la seva salut i que ningú t'ha de dir el que pots menjar, veure o si pots fumar o no. Creuen fermament que la llibertat personal està per sobre de qualsevol altre consideració. A l'altre costat de l'argument hi han els quins creuen que cal evitar que la gent tingui estils de vida que se sap que perjudicaran la seva salut. Creuen que els governs han d'intervenir per tal de crear les condicions necessàries perquè la població ho tingui més fàcil per assolir estils de vida saludables.Personalment, jo sóc dels quin pensa que cal intervenir. En el cas del tabac cal protegir els drets dels no-fumadors que es veuen exposats al fum dels fumadors. Perquè els fumadors han de tenir el dret a intoxicar i perjudicar la salut de l'altre gent? O és que potser els no-fumadors no tenen el dret de que se'ls hi protegeixi la seva salut? Perquè els treballadors de bars i discoteques i altres locals públics han de posar en risc la seva salut només pel simple fet de treballar?. En el cas de menjars poc saludables la situació es una mica diferent ja que no afecta la salut de les persones que no els mengen, però també crec que hi han raons que justifiquen intervenir. Sobretot cal que hi hagi legislació que obligui als fabricants a posar a les etiquetes informació que ajudi als consumidors a escollir els productes que mengen sense el risc de ser enganyats. Cal assegurar que els interessos comercials no estiguin per sobre de consideracions de salut. Cal també facilitar que el menjar saludable estigui a l'abast de totes butxaques i no només dels quins el poden pagar. Només quan tot això sigui possible es podrà parlar de que els consumidors escullen lliurement el que mengen. Espero que ben aviat Catalunya segueixi el mateix camí que altres països desenvolupats i intervingui directament per tal de protegir la salut de la seva població en temes tan importants com el tabac o el menjar poc saludable. El primer pas, que no es pot endarrerir més ha de ser la prohibició de fumar en tots els llocs públics.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-117053731547598346?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/117053731547598346/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=117053731547598346&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/117053731547598346'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/117053731547598346'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2007/02/salut-i-llibertat-personal.html' title='Salut i llibertat personal'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-116501560628389672</id><published>2006-12-01T23:26:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-12-04T00:08:36.426Z</updated><title type='text'>Comparing costs of intramuscular and oral vitamin B12 administration in primary care: A cost-minimization analysis.</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span title="The European journal of general practice"&gt;Eur J Gen Pract.&lt;/span&gt; 2006;12(4):169-73.&lt;span class="featured_linkouts"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="linkbar"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0;"&gt;&lt;script language="JavaScript1.2"&gt; &lt;!-- var PopUpMenu2_LocalConfig_jsmenu3Config = [   ["ShowCloseIcon","yes"],   ["Help","window.open('/entrez/query/static/popup.html','Links_Help','resizable=no,scrollbars=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no,alwaysRaised=no,depend=no,width=400,height=500');"],   ["TitleText"," Links "] ] var jsmenu3Config = [   ["UseLocalConfig","jsmenu3Config","",""] ] //--&gt; &lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script language="JavaScript1.2"&gt; &lt;!-- var Menu17127603 = [   ["UseLocalConfig","jsmenu3Config","",""],   ["Books","window.top.location='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;list_uids=17127603&amp;dopt=Books'","",""],   ["LinkOut","window.top.location='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;list_uids=17127603&amp;dopt=ExternalLink'","",""] ] //--&gt; &lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Vidal-Alaball J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Butler CC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Potter CC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;National Public Health Service for Wales, Swansea, UK, Wales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;dd class="abstract" id="abstract17127603"&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;Objective: To establish whether savings could be made by changing patients from intramuscular to high doses of oral vitamin B12 in primary care without compromising their wellbeing. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="abstract"&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;Methods: Cost-minimization analysis from a UK perspective, using secondary data obtained from the literature available and expert opinion. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="abstract"&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;Results: The cost of the resources used to treat patients with vitamin B12 deficiency with intramuscular vitamin B12 was calculated as between pound55.99 (euro83.1) and pound99.99 (euro148.5) per year. The cost of treating patients with high doses of oral vitamin B12 during the first year was between pound125.55 (euro186.5) and pound248.55 (euro369.1). However, once patients receiving intramuscular treatment had been converted to oral treatment, or in new patients treated orally from the outset, the cost was pound35.55 per year (euro52.8). One variable, home visits, had a high impact on the calculations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="abstract"&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;Conclusion: Switching patients with vitamin B12 deficiency from intramuscular to high-dose oral therapy and treating patients newly diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency with oral vitamin B12 from the outset could save resources in the medium and long term, and in newly diagnosed patients. Savings would come particularly in the form of nursing time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-116501560628389672?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/116501560628389672/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=116501560628389672&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/116501560628389672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/116501560628389672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/12/comparing-costs-of-intramuscular-and.html' title='Comparing costs of intramuscular and oral vitamin B12 administration in primary care: A cost-minimization analysis.'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115806675519458048</id><published>2006-09-12T13:09:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-09-12T13:12:35.203Z</updated><title type='text'>Western Morning News (Devon)</title><content type='html'>EXPERT'S WARNING ON WARSHIP ILLNESS&lt;br /&gt;02 September 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An expert in public health has warned that more potentially deadly illnesses on a front-line warship could follow after two further cases of active tuberculosis (TB) were diagnosed on a Westcountry-based vessel. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has confirmed that five crew members of HMS Ocean, the Devonport-based amphibious helicopter carrier and assault ship, now have the infectious form of the disease after TB first emerged in May.&lt;br /&gt;The unidentified crewmen have been prescribed with up to six months of antibiotics to keep the life-threatening illness under control.&lt;br /&gt;The MoD last night said that all five cases of active TB were confined to the marine engineering department, which is responsible for mechanics and electrics. Fifty-five latent forms of the illness emerged on board following a screening process of the entire crew.&lt;br /&gt;The latent form produces no symptoms and is not contagious, as the bacteria are not active, although they can become active in later life if another disease puts pressure on the immune system.&lt;br /&gt;The MoD said the two new cases of active TB had developed from the 29 latent forms apparent within the marine engineering department. The source of the original infection is still not known.&lt;br /&gt;Dr Josep Vidal-Alaball, a GP and specialist registrar for the National Public Health Service for Wales, an expert in the disease, said that if all of the crew members had been screened there was every chance of limiting the full-blown infection. As such, sailors with latent TB have been given a three-month course of antibiotics.&lt;br /&gt;Dr Vidal-Alaball, a former doctor at Plymouth's Derriford Hospital, said: "There could be more. There have been a lot of outbreaks in prisons, and it's a very similar situation - people together in a small space for a long time with a lack of ventilation.&lt;br /&gt;"He said the level of the disease would only be a major concern if around 10 per cent of the 400-strong crew were taken ill with active TB - a figure that would be "very high". He said: "People outside the ship shouldn't be concerned."Rates of TB have been rising in the UK in recent years, with 7,000 cases being reported last year. The disease is most common in the lungs and lymph glands. TB is responsible for three million deaths a year worldwide, mainly in developing countries.&lt;br /&gt;A spokesman for the Ministry of Defence said of HMS Ocean: "There are now five [cases of active TB] of which two were suspected at the end of last week. One member of the crew developed TB earlier this year and there have been four further with active TB."HMS Ocean is docked in Devonport ahead of deployment for low-flying helicopter exercises over Wales and the South West on Monday.&lt;br /&gt;The ship was moored away from its Westcountry home when the latest cases of TB emerged after it had been withdrawn from last weekend's Navy Days event at Devonport after consideration was given to public health and confidence.&lt;br /&gt;The third crew member struck down with tuberculosis has already returned to service.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115806675519458048?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115806675519458048/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115806675519458048&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115806675519458048'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115806675519458048'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/09/western-morning-news-devon.html' title='Western Morning News (Devon)'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115806428563506600</id><published>2006-09-12T12:29:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-09-12T12:31:39.730Z</updated><title type='text'>Tuberculosis outbreak linked to pubs in South Wales</title><content type='html'>&lt;a class="blor" href="http://www.eurosurveillance.org/releases/index-02.asp?an=2006&amp;display=ew"&gt;Eurosurveillance weekly releases 2006&lt;/a&gt; &gt; &lt;a class="blor" href="http://www.eurosurveillance.org/releases/index-02.asp?an=2006&amp;amp;display=ew#ew36"&gt;Volume 11 / Issue 9 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Vidal-Alaball (&lt;a href="mailto:Josep.Vidal-Alaball@nphs.wales.nhs.uk"&gt;Josep.Vidal-Alaball@nphs.wales.nhs.uk&lt;/a&gt;), S Hayes, R Jones&lt;br /&gt;National Public Health Service for Wales, Health Protection Team, Mid and West Wales Region, Swansea, United Kingdom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 10 February 2004, the specialist respiratory nurse for a hospital in a city in South Wales alerted the local health authorities that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in a particular area of the city appeared to be higher than expected in a relatively young age group. All the cases were in patients who reported visiting a particular pub (bar) regularly.&lt;br /&gt;As a result of this alert, an outbreak investigation team compiled an initial list of six possible associated cases in five men and one woman who were aged between 25 and 55 years and all lived in the city. Initial interviews established that there were many shared social links between the patients, who were part of a network of regular drinkers at four pubs in a suburb of the city. The interviews were difficult because of the complexity of social relations and reluctance by some of the patients to provide information about their social and sexual life. All reported regularly visiting a certain pub (Pub A) in the area. By October 2004, two further linked cases had been diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;To determine whether there were any other linked tuberculosis cases, all local pubs mentioned by cases were visited, surrounding hospitals were contacted, letters were sent to primary care physicians, and primary care tuberculosis prescribing data collected from primary care, was analysed to detect unusual patterns. No other cases were identified as a result.&lt;br /&gt;During 2005, two further cases of M. tuberculosis infection were diagnosed in the same area of the city, also in people who had links with Pub A. Tuberculosis typing (VNTR method) showed that the cases had identical profiles to cases 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. Both patients were already known to the outbreak investigation team: case 8 had been named but not identified during the initial investigations and case 9 had been screened and initially cleared, but later confirmed through fine needle aspirate of the lung. No new social contacts were identified from these last two cases.&lt;br /&gt;Contact tracing established that 2/20 household contacts (10%) and 3/18 social contacts screened (17%) required prophylactic antibiotics.&lt;br /&gt;Genetic typing of all cultures was undertaken. PCR-based variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) method for tuberculosis typing was performed. Cases 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 had identical profiles. An earlier case in a patient who had presented in August 2002 was not microbiologically related to other cases. This case was therefore not considered to be part of the outbreak, and is not included in the Table. No genetic information was available for case 4, as the diagnosis was made while the case was travelling in Australia or for case 7 as this was a clinical diagnosis with a negative culture.&lt;br /&gt;In 2006, the local health authorities have continued to liaise with primary care physicians, respiratory nurses and chest physicians, but no further related cases have been identified.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This outbreak of nine cases included seven cases with identical microbiological&lt;br /&gt;profiles, one case that was diagnosed on clinical grounds and one case that was diagnosed outside the United Kingdom. All nine patients were local residents of white ethnicity (unusual in patients in the UK) who reported a history of drinking in Pub A. Tuberculosis typing allowed one earlier case to be excluded from the outbreak.&lt;br /&gt;In this particular outbreak it has been very difficult to take reliable medical histories due to a combination of poor history telling on the part of the patients and the complex social context in which the outbreak took place. Other authors have previously reported that conventional contact tracing has been insufficient in tuberculosis outbreaks linked to pubs [1]. Without genetic typing it would have been very difficult to establish links between cases in this outbreak. With tuberculosis typing (VNTR method) now routinely available in Wales for all positive cultures, we may see further cases linked to this outbreak in the future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acknowledgments:Dr Brendan Mason (Regional Epidemiologist), Mrs Cheryl Owen (Respiratory Nurse), Mrs Nicola John (Local Public Health Director), Wales Centre for Mycobacteria&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;Diel R, Meywald-Walter K, Gottschalk R, Rusch-Gerdes S, Niemann S. Ongoing outbreak of tuberculosis in a low-incidence community: a molecular-epidemiological evaluation. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8(7):855-61.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115806428563506600?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115806428563506600/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115806428563506600&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115806428563506600'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115806428563506600'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/09/tuberculosis-outbreak-linked-to-pubs.html' title='Tuberculosis outbreak linked to pubs in South Wales'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115407852451797592</id><published>2006-07-28T09:20:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-07-28T09:24:14.383Z</updated><title type='text'>The limited value of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine and holotranscobalamin in the diagnosis of early B12 deficiency</title><content type='html'>28/07/06&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Disorders of Erythropoiesis • Brief Report&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Andrew Goringe, Richard Ellis, Ian McDowell, &lt;strong&gt;Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;/strong&gt;, Christopher Jenkins, Christopher Butler, Mark Worwood&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Treatment of B12 deficiency is important to prevent progressive neurological and/or hematologic disease but requires a secure diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate second line tests of B12 status as prognostic indicators of a hematologic response to vitamin B12 therapy. Forty-nine patients referred with low, serum vitamin B12 concentrations were treated with intramuscular B12 and re-assessed after 3 months. Methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, holotranscobalamin and neutrophil hypersegmentation index were measured before and after treatment. Before treatment 27/49 patients were anemic or macrocytic of whom 15 had a clear hematologic response. All the tests had a similar prognostic accuracy. Symptomatic improvement did not correlate with hematologic response. Supplementary tests of vitamin B12 status were not significantly better than total serum B12 concentration as predictors of a hematologic response to vitamin B12 therapy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Key words: vitamin B12 deficiency, B12 therapy, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, transcobalamin, neutrophil hypersegmentation index.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Haematologica 2006; 91:231-234&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115407852451797592?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115407852451797592/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115407852451797592&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115407852451797592'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115407852451797592'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/07/limited-value-of-methylmalonic-acid.html' title='The limited value of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine and holotranscobalamin in the diagnosis of early B12 deficiency'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115400154332886939</id><published>2006-07-27T11:56:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-07-27T11:59:03.336Z</updated><title type='text'>Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency (Cochrane Review)</title><content type='html'>Wednesday, 10 August 2005&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2005. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.&lt;br /&gt;Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency (Cochrane Review)&lt;br /&gt;Vidal-Alaball J, Butler CC, Cannings-John R, Goringe A, Hood K, McCaddon A, McDowell I, Papaioannou A&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Vitamin B12 deficiency is common and rises with age. Most people with vitamin B12 deficiency are treated in primary care with intramuscular vitamin B12 which is a considerable source of work for health care professionals. Several case control and case series studies have reported equal efficacy of oral administration of vitamin B12 but it is rarely prescribed in this form, other than in Sweden and Canada. Doctors may not be prescribing oral formulations because they are unaware of this option or have concerns regarding effectiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; To assess the effectiveness of oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search strategy:&lt;/strong&gt; Searches were undertaken of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Lilacs in early 2005. The bibliographies of all relevant papers identified using this strategy were searched. In addition we contacted authors of relevant identified studies and Vitamin B12 research and pharmaceutical companies to enquire about other published or unpublished studies and ongoing trials.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria:&lt;/strong&gt; Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the use of oral or intramuscular vitamin B12 to treat vitamin B12 deficiency.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis:&lt;/strong&gt; All abstracts or titles identified by the electronic searches were independently scrutinised by two reviewers. When a difference between reviewers arose, we obtained and reviewed a hard copy of the papers and made decisions by consensus. We obtained a copy of all pre-selected papers and two researchers independently extracted the data from these studies using piloted data extraction forms. The whole group checked whether inclusion and exclusion criteria were met, and disagreement was decided by consensus. The methodological quality of the included studies was independently assessed by two researchers and disagreements were brought back to the whole group and resolved by consensus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results:&lt;/strong&gt; Two RCT's comparing oral with intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 met our inclusion criteria. The trials recruited a total of 108 participants and followed up 93 of these from 90 days to four months. High oral doses of B12 (1000 mcg and 2000 mcg) were as effective as intramuscular administration in achieving haematological and neurological responses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Authors' conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The evidence derived from these limited studies suggests that 2000 mcg doses of oral vitamin B12 daily and 1000 mcg doses initially daily and thereafter weekly and then monthly may be as effective as intramuscular administration in obtaining short term haematological and neurological responses in vitamin B12 deficient patients.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Citation: Vidal-Alaball J, Butler CC, Cannings-John R, Goringe A, Hood K, McCaddon A, McDowell I, Papaioannou A. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004655.pub2. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004655.pub2. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115400154332886939?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115400154332886939/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115400154332886939&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115400154332886939'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115400154332886939'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/07/oral-vitamin-b12-versus-intramuscular_27.html' title='Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency (Cochrane Review)'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115399711645396241</id><published>2006-07-27T10:43:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-07-27T10:46:43.536Z</updated><title type='text'>RISK COMMUNICATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ISSUES</title><content type='html'>Dr Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Public Health Medicine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;July 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risk Communication&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;• Is an interactive process of exchange of information&lt;br /&gt;• People’s fears should be taken seriously and steps should be taken to address them even if they are not necessary from a technical perspective&lt;br /&gt;• Management of Environmental Health issues requires more than technical expertise. Social issues such as house prices, house ownership or stigma of the neighbourhood are also important and should be considered from day one&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risk perception&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;• Clearly, emotions play a large role in public perception of risk&lt;br /&gt;• When people become aware of a threat, they are naturally inclined to:&lt;br /&gt;– Fear the unknown&lt;br /&gt;– Want to maintain control&lt;br /&gt;– Protect home and family&lt;br /&gt;– Be alienated by dependence on others (government, industry officials)&lt;br /&gt;– Protect their belief in a just world&lt;br /&gt;• Experts and responsible authorities often think that the perception of the public is mistaken and irrational.&lt;br /&gt;• They then try to correct the mistaken perception by the dissemination of information containing the "true" facts about the health risks.&lt;br /&gt;• This nearly always fails. Technical measures alone are not enough to ease people’s worries !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Risks are generally more worrying if perceived:&lt;br /&gt;– To be involuntary&lt;br /&gt;– As inequitably distributed, some benefit while others suffer&lt;br /&gt;– As inescapable by taking personal precautions&lt;br /&gt;– To arise from an unfamiliar or novel source&lt;br /&gt;– To result from man-made, rather than natural sources&lt;br /&gt;– To cause hidden and irreversible damage with onset many years later&lt;br /&gt;– To pose particular danger to small children or pregnant women or more generally future generations&lt;br /&gt;– To threaten a form of death (or illness/injury) arousing particular dread&lt;br /&gt;– To damage identifiable rather than anonymous victims&lt;br /&gt;– To be poorly understood by science&lt;br /&gt;– As subject to contradictory statements from responsible sources (or even worse, from the same source), or from untrustworthy source.&lt;br /&gt;– Invisible or undetectable, catastrophic, memorable, uncertain, uncontrollable or unethical risk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risk Comparisons&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Often, an involuntary risk is compared with a voluntary one (e.g. the risk from nearby incinerator is compared with smoking or dietary habits). If such a comparison is done in the spirit of minimising the importance of the involuntary risk, it will generate anger.&lt;br /&gt;• The value of risk comparisons is also limited by the fact that risks tend to accumulate in people's minds. No matter how small the new risk, people are inclined to see it as simply one more unwelcome vexation to add to their already heavy burden of coping with modern-day problems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Some problems….&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Health Authorities: Very late engagement with unrealistic expectation to respond&lt;br /&gt;• Lack of consultation can result in:&lt;br /&gt;– inaccurate health messages&lt;br /&gt;– raised expectation&lt;br /&gt;– unnecessary community concern&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Some solutions ….&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Openness and transparency&lt;br /&gt;– Trust should be based on mutual respect&lt;br /&gt;– Communication should be open and honest&lt;br /&gt;– An open communication process with the public and the media can be achieved by organising public meetings, issuing press reports, sending letters to residents, fact sheets, setting up internet sites, etc&lt;br /&gt;– The language used should be understandable for the general public&lt;br /&gt;• Do not let the media take control of the situation. Ensure that key people responsible for communication are always available and ensure a smooth hand-over between various people involved in the case.&lt;br /&gt;• Engage early with Health Authorities!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115399711645396241?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115399711645396241/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115399711645396241&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399711645396241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399711645396241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/07/risk-communication-in-environmental.html' title='RISK COMMUNICATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ISSUES'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115399316369774102</id><published>2006-07-27T09:37:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-07-27T09:56:34.590Z</updated><title type='text'>Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency:</title><content type='html'>&lt;em&gt;Cochrane Library, reproduced with permission&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Butler CC, Vidal-Alaball J, Cannings-John R, McCaddon A, Hood K, Papaioannou A, McDowell I and Goringe A. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Family Practice 2006; Pages 1–7 of 7.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;. Vitamin B12 deficiency is common, increasing with age. Most people are treated in primary care with intramuscular vitamin B12. Several studies have reported equal efficacy of oral administration of vitamin B12.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives&lt;/strong&gt;. We set out to identify randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence for the effectiveness of oral versus intramuscular vitamin B12 to treat vitamin B12 deficiency.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;. We conducted a systematic review searching databases for relevant RCTs. Outcomes included levels of serum vitamin B12, total serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, haemoglobin and signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;. Two RCTs comparing oral with intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 met our inclusion criteria. The trials recruited a total of 108 participants and followed up 93 of these from 90 days to 4 months. In one of the studies, mean serum vitamin B12 levels were significantly higher in the oral (643 ± 328 pg/ml; n = 18) compared with the intramuscular group (306 ± 118 pg/ml; n = 15) at 2 months (P &lt; 0.001) and 4 months (1005 ± 595 versus 325 ± 165 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.0005) and both groups had neurological responses. In the other study, serum vitamin B12 levels increased significantly in those receiving oral vitamin B12 and intramuscular vitamin B12 (P &lt; 0.001).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;. The evidence derived from these limited studies suggests that 2000 mg doses of oral vitamin B12 daily and 1000 mg doses initially daily and thereafter weekly and then monthly may be as effective as intramuscular administration in obtaining short-term haematological and neurological responses in vitamin B12-deficient patients.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords&lt;/strong&gt;. Cobalamin, cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, pernicious anaemia, vitamin B12.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115399316369774102?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115399316369774102/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115399316369774102&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399316369774102'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399316369774102'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/07/oral-vitamin-b12-versus-intramuscular.html' title='Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency:'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115399277460178148</id><published>2006-07-27T09:28:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-07-27T09:35:35.016Z</updated><title type='text'>Diploma of the Faculty of Family Planning (DFFP)</title><content type='html'>Dr Josep Vidal-Alaball    2005&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who is it for?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GPs and any doctor with an interest in family planning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When did you do it?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2002, during my GP registrar year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why did you do it?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;In general practice we see many patients wanting advice on family planning and I wanted to have a diploma certifying my proficiency in this specialty. I like the way the diploma is assessed—it requires practical and theoretical training.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How much effort did it entail?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The diploma has two components; a basic theoretical course and a practical training.&lt;br /&gt;There are several approved courses available around the country, which take place over three consecutive days. You organise your own practical training, which needs to be supervised by a faculty approved instructing doctor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there an exam? (and fee)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No, this is the great thing about the DFFP; no exam is required to obtain the diploma. There is a fee to go to the theoretical course and you may need to pay a small fee to attend practical training.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Top tip&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Book your theoretical course early, as they are quite popular and GP registrars get priority. Organise your clinical placements in advance as it may take several months to attend all the required sessions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contact for further information&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Heath Care, 27 Sussex Place, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RG (020 7724 5669; &lt;a href="http://www.ffprhc.org.uk/"&gt;http://www.ffprhc.org.uk/&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Was it worth it?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No exams required.&lt;br /&gt;Good practical experience through direct patient contact.&lt;br /&gt;Once you have the qualifications, you can earn extra income in family planning sessions.&lt;br /&gt;Looks good on your CV.&lt;br /&gt;Yearly subscriptions to the Faculty of Family Practice not as costly as with other memberships.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is time consuming as you need to attend several training sessions in recognised training facilities and these may take place in the evenings.&lt;br /&gt;It is strange to pay to see patients.&lt;br /&gt;The logbook certifying your clinical experience is painful to fill in.&lt;br /&gt;You need recertification every five years&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115399277460178148?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115399277460178148/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115399277460178148&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399277460178148'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399277460178148'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/07/diploma-of-faculty-of-family-planning.html' title='Diploma of the Faculty of Family Planning (DFFP)'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31742045.post-115399238594882395</id><published>2006-07-27T09:24:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-07-27T09:35:49.076Z</updated><title type='text'>Revalidation and Appraisal need to be evaluated</title><content type='html'>Friday, 02 April 2004&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am in favour of Appraisal and Continuous Professional Development for health care professionals but I also strongly believe that any intervention in Health Services needs to be evaluated. The efficacy of Revalidation and Appraisal needs to be evaluated moreover when this is going to be an expensive intervention. I was surprised to find very vague references about evaluation on the Department of Health web side mainly regarding at the number of doctors appraised and the quality of the process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a discussion group during one session of the Masters of Public Health at the UWCM in Cardiff I asked how we could possible evaluate Revalidation and Appraisal. We though that it is difficult to evaluate an intervention when the objectives of the intervention are not clear. According to the objectives of the intervention we can design a correct evaluation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Looking at the numbers of doctors appraised and revalidated is a measure of activity but not a measure of outcome of the intervention. If the objective of appraisal and revalidation is to avoid another Shipman them we should be looking at mortality as outcome and we should be comparing mortality rates amongst doctors. If we want to assess doctor’s performance and improve patient’s care maybe we should be looking at markers of good quality of care. For example we could be looking at the use of Aspirin and B-Blockers after myocardial Infarction or the use of statins. We may find like Dr Manesh Patel, a cardiology fellow at Duke Clinical Research Institute, that educating health care professionals does not improve the care of their patients.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I believe that no evidence for a potential positive intervention should not preclude implementing it. However we should expect a clear evaluation of the intervention in order to justify the use of health care resources .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr Josep Vidal-Alaball&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Competing interests: None declared&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/31742045-115399238594882395?l=josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/feeds/115399238594882395/comments/default' title='Comentaris del missatge'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=31742045&amp;postID=115399238594882395&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 comentaris'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399238594882395'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/31742045/posts/default/115399238594882395'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://josep-vidal-alaball.blogspot.com/2006/07/revalidation-and-appraisal-need-to-be.html' title='Revalidation and Appraisal need to be evaluated'/><author><name>Josep Vidal-Alaball</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09112539665769943904</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--KxjelScvrM/TcHX9Q0Ip8I/AAAAAAAAALk/3cXXv5xJ2N8/s220/Josep%2B2.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
